When considering hydrocarbon reservoirs, terms such as “oil reservoirs” and “gas reservoirs” are used both in colloquial speech and technical literature. However, these terms are insufficient. Changes in the state of aggregation during production should always be taken into account in consequence of changes of the reservoir pressure and changes of pressure and temperature in the production system (tubing, pipe lines, separator, tank).
Thermodynamics has evolved to a science of studying changes in the state of a system with changes in the conditions, i.e. temperature, pressure, composition. A systematic presentation of basic thermodynamic tools (charts, tables and equations) for sketching the state of a hydrocarbon system as a function of the state variables is one of the objectives of this textbook. Therefore, it may be helpful to refurbish the thermodynamic terminology at the beginning as far as it is indispensable to the understanding of these tools.
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